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KMID : 0365220140510010035
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Korean Journal of Public Health
2014 Volume.51 No. 1 p.35 ~ p.45
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Sunlight Enhances Toxicity of Fullerene (C60) to Freshwater Invertebrates Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa
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Ji Kyung-Hee
Kim Jung-Kon
Choi Kyung-Ho
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Abstract
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Objectives: Manufactured nanomaterials (NMs) are used for various purposes, e.g., as catalysts in chemical reactions, drug delivery devices and consumer products such as sunscreens and cosmetics. Concerns about the potential ecotoxicological effects of NMs are increasing in part because they might have different toxicological characteristics from their larger counterparts. In the present study, we investigated the effects of particle size and UV light on the toxicity of fullerene.
Methods: Two aquatic invertebrates, Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa, were employed for toxicity tests. By exposure to 4 hr/d sunlight exposure, phototoxicity of fullerene by environmental level of ultraviolet (UV) lights was tested. Aquatic toxicities of stable colloidal suspensions of fullerene aggregates in water (aqu/nC60) filtered through a 0.2 ㎛ and 0.45 μm filters were compared. Images of the particle were recorded using transmission-electron microscopy, and changes in catalase (CAT) activity were determined in D. magna juveniles after being exposed to sublethal levels of aqu/nC60 and environmental level of UV lights.
Results: Exposure to aqu/nC60 filtered through 0.2 ㎛ filters under environmental level of ultraviolet light was more detrimental to D. magna and M. macrocopa. Antioxidant enzyme activities were increased by coexposure to aqu/nC60 and by sunlight.
Conclusion: Exposure to fullerene leads to oxidative damage to D. magna and it was aggravated by natural sunlight. Further assessment for sublethal effects of fullerene under environmentally relevant conditions should be followed.
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KEYWORD
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Fullerene, Nanotoxicology, Phototoxicity, Particle size, Ultraviolet light
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